What is a key focus area of hygiene factors in Herzberg's theory?

In Herzberg's theory of motivation, hygiene factors are elements of the work environment that can cause dissatisfaction if they are inadequate or absent, but do not necessarily lead to increased satisfaction when improved. The key focus area of hygiene factors includes aspects like salary, working conditions, company policies, and relationships with coworkers. These factors are essential in preventing dissatisfaction in the workplace.

While other options such as job satisfaction and team collaboration are important in the context of overall employee engagement and motivation, they relate more closely to what Herzberg categorized as motivators. Motivators are the elements that lead to higher levels of job satisfaction, including opportunities for personal growth, recognition, and career advancement. In contrast, hygiene factors are primarily about ensuring that the basic needs of employees are met to avoid discontent. Thus, salary and working conditions are at the core of hygiene factors in Herzberg's framework.